Interesting picture summarizing several types of techniques used in machine learning, contrasting unsupervised learning with unsupervised learning and reinforcement learning.

The difference between supervised and unsupervised learning is described here. See also this article about how this relates to reinforcement learning. The above picture was posted here. The author mentions the following techniques:

supervised learning

• Naive Bayes
• KNN
• Decision Trees
• Support Vector Machine
• Linear Regression
• Logistic Regression
• Deep Learning models

Unsupervised Learning

• K-means
• DBSCAN
• OPTICS algorithm
• Mixture models