This is the most comprehensive guide to Ratio Analysis / Financial Statement Analysis

This expert-written guide goes beyond the usual gibberish and explore practical Financial Statement Analysis as used by investment bankers and equity research analysts. 

Table of Content:

• What is Financial Statement Analysis / Ratio Analysis
• Vertical Analysis or Common Size Statements
• Horizontal Analysis
• Trend Analysis
• Ratio Analysis
• Liquidity Ratios
• Solvency Ratios
  • #1 – Current Ratio
  • #2 – Quick Ratio
  • #3 – Cash Ratio
• Turnover Ratios
  • #4 – Receivables Turnover Ratio
  • #5 – Days Receivables
  • #6 – Inventory Turnover Ratio
  • #7 – Days Inventory
  • #8 – Accounts Payable Turnover
  • #9 – Days Payable
  • #10 – Cash Conversion Cycle
• Ratio Analysis – Operating Performance
• Operating Efficiency Ratios
  • #11 – Asset Turnover Ratio
  • #12 – Net Fixed Asset Turnover
  • #13 – Equity Turnover
• Operating Profitability Ratios
  • #14 – Gross Profit Margin
  • #15 – Operating Profit Margin
  • #16 – Net Margin
  • #17 – Return on Total Assets
  • #18 – Return on total equity
  • #19 – Return on Equity or Return on Owner’s Equity
  • #20 – Dupont ROE
• Ratio Analysis – Risk
• Business Risk
  • # 21. Operating Leverage
  • # 22. Financial Risk – Financial Leverage
  • # 23. Total Leverage
• Financial Risk
  • # 24. Leverage Ratio or Debt to Equity Ratio
  • # 25. Interest Coverage Ratio
  • # 26. Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR)
• Ratio Analysis – External Liquidity Risk
  • #27 – Bid Ask Spread
  • #28 – Trading Volume
  • Ratio Analysis – Growth
  • #29 – Sustainable Growth

The purpose of Financial Statement Analysis is to evaluate management performance in Profitability, Efficiency and  Risk

Although financial statement information is historical, it is used to project future performance

Financial Statement Analysis can be done using Three Methods –

• Vertical Analysis (also called as Common Size Statements Analysis) – It compares the each item of to the base case of the financial statements. All income statement items are expressed as percentage of Sales.

• Balance Sheet Items are expressed as a percentage of Total Assets or Total Liabilities (please note Total Assets = Total Liabilities)

• Horizontal Analysis – It compares the two financial statements (income statement, balance sheet) o determine the absolute change as well as percentage changes.

Ratio Analysis – Puts important business variables into perspective by comparing it with other numbers. It provides meaningful relationship between individual values in the financial statements.

So, which one is the best when it comes to Financial Statement Analysis? 

Ofcourse, you can’t pick and choose a single method as the best and ONLY method to do the financial statement analysis.

You need to do all THREE analysis in-order to get a complete picture of the Company.

Let us look at each one of them one by one.

Read tutorial here.